In recognizing the lack of spaces for Sonoma County’s LGBTQIA+ communities of color to feel safe, seen, and a sense of belonging, Positive Images’ QTBIPOC Hangout program is a monthly joy-centered social space for QTBIPOC adults in Sonoma County to connect with one another. Through different activities and workshops at the PI community center or other trusted local spaces, this program strives to also offer experiences of personal, cultural, and community empowerment & exploration. Since the program’s start in February 2023, hangouts have included: art & movie nights, potlucks, a rock climbing night at Vertex Climbing Gym, a free professional photo shoot/portrait day with QTwithacamera Photography, a clothing drive, and a holiday gift exchange.
Hangouts are every first Monday of the month from 6-8pm at the PI Community Center, unless shared otherwise. The space welcomes all those who identify as QTBIPOC*.
*QTBIPOC = Queer and Transgender, Black, Indigenous, People of Color
The director of a Russian travel agency arrested last month on charges of international LGBT extremism died yesterday while in custody in Moscow, OVD-Info reports.
Andrei Kotov, 48, was found dead around 4 a.m. on Sunday at the Vodnik pretrial detention center, where he was awaiting trial on charges of supporting an international LGBT extremist terrorist movement. Leisan Mannapova, Kotov’s lawyer, confirmed her client died by suicide. His body was discovered in his cell covered in blood, and “cuts were found” on his body, an internal source told RIA Novosti.
Kotov ran Men Travel, a travel agency reportedly catering to gay men. He had recently concluded a cruise along the Volga River and was planning a trip to Egypt to ring in the New Year at the time of his arrest.
Security forces arrested Kotov on Nov. 28 but it was not made public until two days later. Video of the arrest posted to multiple Telegram channels shows the muscled Kotov shirtless with his hands cuffed behind his back. Kotov testified at a court hearing earlier this month that he was beaten and threatened with a stun gun if he did not confess his alleged crimes during the arrest.
“About 15 people came to me at night, they beat me, hit me in the face, on the legs, left bruises,” Kotov said at a detention hearing on Dec. 2, Zona Mediareported at the time. “I did not offer any resistance. I was extremely surprised by this procedure.”
He told the court he was beaten by two masked men who demanded he confess to LGBT extremism. Kostov said one man punched him in the face while the second man threatened him with a stun gun. When he insisted the tours were not LGBT-centric, Kostov said he was escorted to the kitchen where he was told to say hello to the man’s “brothers in the regiment.”
Kotov also claimed a television reporter and camera person were on hand to ask questions on video without his permission.
At court, Kotov continued to deny the tours were aimed at gay men. He instead claimed the Volga River cruise was mainly about fishing and sightseeing.
“Our only appeal was that there are interesting museums, interesting hotels,” Kotov testified. “All this information was only of a tourist nature.”
Judge Kristina Kostryukova denied release for Kotov over his lawyer’s objections, who noted he was a vegetarian with a high caloric intake.
The arrest and death of Kotov comes as part of a larger crackdown on the LGBTQ+ community by the Russian government under President Vladimir Putin.
Last month, Putin signed two new laws outlawing the promotion of non-traditional families and the adoption of Russian children by foreign nationals from countries that recognize a person’s right to gender-affirming care.
The adoption law effectively prohibits citizens of Australia, Austria, Argentina, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, and other countries from adopting children from Russia or taking guardianship over them. Citizens of the U.S. were banned from adopting Russian children in 2012.
The second law bans what it terms “childfree propaganda” that promotes non-traditional families as a positive environment for children. Media companies and social media sites will be required to monitor content to ensure compliance with the law. An exemption would be made for positive portrayals of a monastic life that included celibacy.
In December of 2022, Putin signed a law strengthening a ban on LGBTQ “propaganda” in Russia and making it illegal to promote same-sex sexual relations or suggest non-heterosexual attractions are “normal.” Individuals can be fined up to 400,000 rubles ($6,370) for “LGBT propaganda” and up to 200,000 rubles ($3,185) for “demonstrations of LGBT and information that encourages a change of gender among teenagers.” The fines increase to 5 million rubles ($80,000) and 4 million rubles ($64,000) respectively for legal entities.
“The help of such specialists is necessary if a person wants to recover from frigidity, impotence, or such violations of sexual behavior as fetishism, masochism, and sadism,” the Duma reported in its official newspaper at the time.
An employee of the Central Station gay bar said police raided Club Secret, Mono Bar, and Hunters Party in Moscow, the local group SOTA reported on its Telegram channel. A fourth establishment, an unidentified gay sauna, was also raided, according to Novaya Gazeta. Video posted to social media shows a strong police presence outside one of the venues.
If you or someone you know needs mental health resources and support, please call, text, or chat with the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline or visit988lifeline.org for 24/7 access to free and confidential services. Trans Lifeline, designed for transgender or gender-nonconforming people, can be reached at (877) 565-8860. The lifeline also provides resources to help with other crises, such as domestic violence situations. The Trevor Project Lifeline, for LGBTQ+ youth (ages 24 and younger), can be reached at (866) 488-7386. Users can also access chat services at TheTrevorProject.org/Help or text START to 678678.
Ohio’s Secretary of State Frank LaRose has changed the state’s candidate declaration forms to help prevent a repeat of earlier this year when a trans candidate was disqualified after failing to list her deadname.
While Joy was upset about the forced outing of her deadname, she was more upset that she was not informed of the requirement at the time she submitted her petitions.
“Something that is that important should have been on the instructions,” Joy told the local ABC affiliate WEWS in January. “It should have been on the petition.”
“The new form does that, and it’s now available on our website for potential candidates to use if they decide to file a candidacy in 2025,” Dan Lusheck, a LaRose spokesperson, told Cleveland.com.
LaRose’s office has enlarged the space provided for a candidate’s name along with the instruction to “include all prior names used in the past 5 years” except those resulting from marriage.
Republicans were also impacted by the prior name requirement and sought to pass legislation before the holiday recess. Candidates would still be required to list any name changes within the last five years under the proposed legislation. However, the bill mandates “a space provided for the purpose” on the official declaration of candidacy form, much as LaRose has already accomplished.
The bill ultimately failed to pass before the holiday break.
Joy said in an interview that while she was encouraged others would not be unfairly disqualified by the prior name requirement, she was moving out of state with no plans of running for office.
“I’m not going to have to worry about it anymore,” Joy said.
Former President Jimmy Carter, the 39th U.S. president, will be remembered as a staunch LGBTQ+ ally, although it took him time to evolve on some issues.
The former president and Nobel Peace Prize winner died on Sunday after over a year in hospice care. He is the longest-lived U.S. president. He passed away at his home in Plains, Ga. — the same house he and his wife, Rosalynn, who died last year, spent the majority of their lives, according to the Carter Center.
“Our founder, former U.S. President Jimmy Carter, passed away this afternoon in Plains, Georgia,” the center wrote on X, formerly Twitter.
“My father was a hero, not only to me but to everyone who believes in peace, human rights, and unselfish love,” said Chip Carter, one of the former president’s sons. “My brothers, sister, and I shared him with the rest of the world through these common beliefs. The world is our family because of the way he brought people together, and we thank you for honoring his memory by continuing to live these shared beliefs.”
LGBTQ+ rights group the Human Rights Campaign remembered Carter’s queer rights legacy in a statement on Sunday.
“All of us at the Human Rights Campaign feel an immense loss with the passing of former President Jimmy Carter,” said Kelley Robinson, president of the Human Rights Campaign. “In recent years, he became a prominent voice in support of LGBTQ+ rights, speaking out for marriage equality at a time when most national leaders in the U.S. still opposed it. For decades after he left the White House, he continued to make public service his enduring priority through his work with Habitat for Humanity and the Carter Presidential Center, cementing his reputation as a champion for human rights and as one of the all time great former presidents. We extend our deepest condolences to his family and all who mourn him.”
Carter was a devout Christian, but his faith did not include homophobia. In 2015, he said Jesus Christ would approve of marriage equality. Here’s a look his record on LGBTQ+ rights.
Carter’s administration was the first to welcome gay and lesbian rights activiststo the White House. He did not attend the meeting himself (he was at the presidential retreat, Camp David, at the time), but on March 26, 1977, two months into his presidency, representatives of what was then called the National Gay Task Force met with members of the administration. The session was organized by Carter aide Midge Costanza.
Attendees were asked to draft a white paper on an issue of importance to the community that would then be circulated to federal agencies. One of them, George Raya, wrote about health issues. He found out that hepatitis was the disease most affecting gay people at the time, and his paper led the federal government to fund a hepatitis research project in San Francisco, and a few years later it provided valuable information to AIDS researchers.
In 1978, Carter was in San Francisco campaigning for the reelection of Gov. Jerry Brown. In that same election, Proposition 6, also known as the Briggs Initiative, was on the California ballot, asking voters to bar gays and lesbians from teaching in the public schools. Former President Gerald Ford and future President Ronald Reagan had already spoken out against it, and Carter did so as well, albeit with a nudge from Brown. Urged on by the governor, Carter “leaned into the microphone, asking voters already inclined to check No on 6 to do so. The crowd roared its approval,” according to the Journal of Policy History.
Carter left the White House in 1981 after a single term, losing to Reagan amid economic problems and the Iran hostage crisis. With his work in international diplomacy and global human rights, plus his volunteer efforts for Habitat for Humanity and other organizations, Carter became known as the nation’s greatest ex-president. His advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights became stronger too.
In 2005, upon the publication of his book Our Endangered Values: America’s Moral Crisis, he gave an interview to The Advocate. Reporter Sean Kennedy said, “You’re a Christian, but you don’t have a problem with gay men and lesbians as many other Christians do. Why?” Carter responded, “I’m a worshipper of Jesus Christ, who never mentioned homosexuals in any way — certainly not in a deleterious fashion. And when it has been mentioned in the New Testament, it’s been combined with things like selfishness or something like that. So I’ve never looked upon it as any sort of reason to condemn a person. I think it’s an inherent characteristic just like other things that we do with our lives.”
He was not yet a supporter of national marriage equality, however. In 2006, speaking to an audience at Emory University, he said marriage rights should be decided state by state. “You can’t take away what people believe in, and laws should be based on what each state believes in,” he said, “because each one has their different beliefs.”
By 2015, though, when the Supreme Court’s Obergefell v. Hodges ruling took marriage equality nationwide, Carter approved and said it fit within his religious beliefs. “I think Jesus would encourage any love affair if it was honest and sincere and was not damaging to anyone else,” he said in a HuffPost Liveinterview. “And I don’t see that gay marriage damages anyone else. … I believe Jesus would approve gay marriage. That’s just my own personal opinion.”
He agreed that no church should have to perform a marriage it didn’t approve of, but he had also long advocated for greater acceptance within faith bodies. He left the Southern Baptist denomination in 2000 over what he called its “rigid” beliefs. Among other things, the church teaches that being LGBTQ+ is wrong, and it does not allow women to be ministers.
Carter spoke out for equal rights in the military as well. In 2007, he called for an end to “don’t ask, don’t tell.” “The nation’s commitment to human rights requires that lawmakers revisit ‘don’t ask, don’t tell,’ the current policy that prevents lesbians, gays, and bisexuals from serving openly in our armed forces,” he said in a statement issued through the Servicemembers Legal Defense Network. “‘Don’t ask, don’t tell’ is the only law in America today that regulates a group of citizens, then prohibits them from identifying themselves and speaking up on their own behalf. Gay soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines are unable to tell their member of Congress or their commander that the policy is an abject failure, and they are living proof because they will face discharge. Those who defend our liberties and freedoms deserve better…. There are great differences in public opinion on social issues today compared to 20 years ago. When I served as president, the majority in our country did not support equality for gay Americans, but that has now changed.”
The policy ended in 2011 under President Barack Obama.
The Carter Center announced that public observances will be held in Atlanta and D.C. in addition to a private interment in Plains. The scheduling will be announced soon.
The California exodus that’s been declared over and over again isn’t real, according to new figures from the U.S. Census Bureau published this week.
The Golden State’s population grew by 0.6% between July 1, 2023, and July 1, 2024. That’s an addition of almost a quarter of a million people, pushing the number of residents closer to pre-pandemic levels.
Of the state’s 10 largest counties, only Contra Costa County experienced a population decline. Del Norte County had the highest increase in residents, 1.1%, while Plumas County dipped 1.2%.
Rainbow Cattle Company, 16220 Main St, Guerneville, CA 95446, USA
www.queersteer.com Giveback Tuesdays.
Every week a local charity will be choosen. 10% of the sales for that Tuesday will be donated to the charity directly by us. The more the community supports the Rainbow on a given Tuesday, the more the charity will get. If you want to nominate a local charity for consideration for a Giveback Tuesday, email us. This has turned out to be such a wonderful event, and a number of very deserving charities have received money. Since it’s start in late November of 2005, over $115,000 has been given to the local charities from the Rainbow directly. This does not include all of the money raised by the actual charities during events on each and every Tuesday. It’s impossible for us to say exactly how much money was raised in total, but it’s safe to say it’s in the hundreds of thousands of dollars. We are very pleased with how the community has pulled together to make this an amazing weekly event, and so much good has come from all of the donations and money raised.
As this unprecedented year of change comes to an end, we at MAP are taking a look back at the laws and policies that directly impact the experiences of LGBTQ people across the country. Below, we offer an overview of the major trends and biggest shifts from the past 12 months.
However, it is important to note that states that enacted a new anti-LGBTQ policy this year tended to enact more than one negative policy. Of the at least 18 states that enacted any new anti-LGBTQ policy this year, at least 13 enacted multiple anti-LGBTQ policies.
Unfortunately, New Hampshire followed this trend and became the first state in the Northeast to pass any explicitly anti-transgender law, including the enactment of a ban on medical care for transgender youth, a ban on transgender youth playing sports, and a curriculum censorship law.
At least 18 states* enacted new anti-LGBTQ laws or policies in 2024:
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, Wyoming
At least 13 states* enacted new pro-LGBTQ laws or policies in 2024:
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Washington
* Note: these lists reflect issues tracked by MAP’s Equality Maps, covering 50+ policies. States may have enacted additional anti- or pro-LGBTQ laws or policies not included here.
In 2024, attacks on transgender health care continued to escalate, particularly via far-reaching attacks on public funding.
Public funding or coverage of transgender related health benefits
Idaho and South Carolina both enacted total bans on public funding for the provision of best practice medical care for transgender people of any age — effectively ending coverage of this medical care for state employees and their families, for state residents on Medicaid, and in numerous other settings.
Bans on medical care for transgender youth
New bans were enacted in four states (Ohio, Wyoming, South Carolina, and New Hampshire). Today 40% of all transgender youth in the country live in states with these bans. However, there were also multiple important wins for transgender medical care, including but not limited to:
In Kansas, the governor vetoed such a ban for the second time in as many years.
Proposed regulations that would have severely restricted access to care for transgender adults in Ohio were withdrawn after significant community and advocacy efforts.
There are ongoing lawsuits in at least 17 states of the 26 states with bans, including the current U.S. Supreme Court case.
“Shield” or “refuge” laws protecting transgender health care
New laws protecting both patients and providers of transgender-related medical care were enacted in three states (Maine, Maryland, and Rhode Island), bringing the total to 16 states and D.C. with a law or executive order to this effect.
At the beginning of last year (2023), 0% of transgender people lived in states with total bans on gender marker changes to driver’s licenses.
Today, 17% — or one in six transgender people — live in states that ban transgender people from accessing accurate licenses.
Gender marker changes on driver’s licenses
Arkansas, Missouri, and Montana enacted new and severe restrictions, a court ruling allowed Alabama to reinstate severe restrictions that had previously been ruled unconstitutional, and Florida and Texas enacted total bans.
However, new lawsuits were filed against anti-transgender driver’s license policies in Arkansas, Montana, and Tennessee. Additionally, Illinois residents were newly able to access “X” options on their driver’s licenses in 2024.
Gender marker changes on birth certificates
Massachusetts and Illinois eliminated medical documentation requirements for gender marker changes. Massachusetts introduced new “X” options, while West Virginia banned the use of “X” options.
In addition, in 2024 at least three states (Florida, Montana, and Texas) enacted new total bans on gender marker changes on birth certificates, doubling the number of states with total bans and now, covering 19% of transgender adults.
Regulating Gender to Allow Discrimination
In 2024, five states passed new laws regulating gender by defining “sex” throughout state law. Importantly, three of the five new laws also contained an explicit bathroom ban, which suggests that similar combination bills might be more common in 2025.
Five states (Idaho, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Utah) enacted new laws defining “sex.” As a result, now 10 states have a law or executive order regulating gender, and in states like Kansas, Montana, and others, these laws have been used to force other anti-LGBTQ policies like total bans on gender marker changes on identity documents.
However, in 2024, the governor of Arizona vetoed a similar law, and Montana’s 2023 gender regulation law was ruled unconstitutional, though the lawsuit is ongoing.
Equality Map: Regulating Gender to Allow Discrimination (via MAP)
Strengthening Marriage and Pathways to Parentage
For many LGBTQ+ families, the recent election has brought up new concerns about the safety of our marriages and parental rights. In 2024, advocates worked to advance a number of key laws and policies that directly impact the lives of same-sex couples, LGBTQ+ parents and their children.
In November, three states (California, Colorado, and Hawaii) all repealed their outdated and discriminatory constitutional amendments banning marriage equality. Read more of our analysis here.
In Virginia, the Republican governor signed a law making it illegal to deny a marriage license to a couple regardless of either person’s race, sex, or gender. It also requires the state to recognize lawful marriages regardless of the parties’ race, sex, or gender. While the state’s now-unenforceable constitutional amendment banning gay marriage remains on the books, this new law is an important, explicit recognition of legal marriages.
School Based Policies
In 2024, efforts to erase LGBTQ youth from public life continued via a range of tactics, including making it illegal to talk about LGBTQ people or support LGBTQ students, banning books that mention LGBTQ issues, preventing transgender youth from playing sports with their friends, and more.
Bans on transgender kids playing school sports
Two new states (Ohio and New Hampshire) enacted bans on transgender youth playing school sports according to their gender identity. Today, 26 states have a sports ban on the books, affecting 38% of transgender youth.
Three new states passed LGBTQ-specific curriculum censorship laws in 2024, with Louisiana becoming the 8th state with a “Don’t Say LGBTQ” law. Wyomingand New Hampshire enacted new laws requiring schools to notify parents in advance of LGBTQ-related content and either requiring parents to opt their children in to that instruction (Wyoming) or allowing parents to opt their children out (New Hampshire).
Washington became the seventh state to explicitly require that state curricular standards include LGBTQ people and history. In addition, in 2024, a new lawsuit was filed challenging Montana’s curriculum censorship law from 2021, and in Florida, an important settlement was reached that narrowed the harm of the state’s “Don’t Say LGBTQ” law.
Forced or encouraged outing of transgender youth in schools
Three new states (Idaho, Tennessee, and South Carolina) enacted laws endangering transgender youth in schools by potentially forcing their outing.
Equality Map: Forced Outing of Transgender Youth in Schools (via MAP)
Bathroom Bans
In 2024, new bathroom bans were enacted in six states: Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Ohio, South Carolina, and Utah. As a result, 14 states now have these bans of varying scope; all of these bans apply to K-12 school settings, and half apply more broadly to other government or publicly-owned settings.
This year, there were multiple efforts to expand state religious exemption laws that create carveouts or exceptions to existing laws for those seeking exemptions from state laws that burden their religious beliefs.
In 2024, Idaho enacted a targeted religious exemption for both child welfare service providers and mental health providers.
Bringing the total to 27 states, Iowa and Utah each enacted a broad “Religious Freedom Restoration Act” (RFRA) in 2024.
Tennessee became the first since 2016 to enact a religious exemption law for public officials solemnizing marriages.
Other Positive Developments
Nondiscrimination Laws
While Maryland already had LGBTQ-inclusive protections in many key areas, a new 2024 law added explicit LGBTQ protections to the state’s laws for nondiscrimination in:
Private health insurance
Credit and lending
Jury service
Conversion “therapy”
Two states took action to limit the dangerous and discredited practice of conversion “therapy.”
In Pennsylvania, five relevant state administrative boards adopted new policies effectively prohibiting the use of conversion “therapy” statewide.
Kentucky’s governor issued an executive order partially banning the practice by prohibiting the use of state funds, among other directives.
Insurance coverage of fertility treatment and preservation
California and New Jersey passed new laws mandating that private insurers cover fertility treatment care (such as IVF) and the new requirements are also explicitly LGBTQ inclusive.
Massachusetts passed a new law mandating that private insurers cover fertility preservation (such as egg retrieval), including storage.
Gay panic defense
Michigan and Minnesota joined 18 other states and the District of Columbia, becoming the latest states to ban the use of LGBTQ panic defenses in courtrooms.
Come enjoy some pub trivia in a queer friendly environment. Bring your own team or chat with some of the established teams to see if they need more players.
All ages welcome. Free to play, but please consider supporting Brew by purchasing food or beverages.
A number of countries took steps to advance the rights of LGBTQ+ people this year.
From enacting bans on so-called conversion therapy to introducing reforms that facilitate easier changes to gender markers, here are some of the countries that did the right thing in 2024.
Honduras
Honduras. (AFP via Getty/ ORLANDO SIERRA/)
In November, the Central American nation struck down a ban on LGBTQ+ blood donations, meaning men who have sex with men are now able to give blood.
Germany
Germany. (Christian Ender/Getty Images)
Germany’s parliament passed the Self-Determination Act, making it easier for trans and non-binary people aged 14 and older to legally change their first name and gender by making a straightforward declaration to the registry office.
Curaçao
Curacao. (Getty)
Same-sex marriage has become legal in Curaçao, a Dutch Caribbean island, after the Netherlands’ supreme court ruled that queer couples had the right to marry.
Denmark
A Pride flag flies outside the Børsen, the old stock exchange in Denmark’s capitol city of Copenhagen. (BirgerNiss/Getty Images)
Denmark lifted its deferral period for blood donations from men who have sex with men, in July. In the past, they could not donate if they had had sex in the previous four months. Rules regarding donations now apply to everyone, regardless of sexual orientation.
Czechia
Prague Pride. (Matej Divizna/Getty Images)
In July, Czechia started allowing gay and bisexual men to donate blood.
Latvia
Latvian same-sex couples can now enter civil unions. (Getty)
Latvia’s law allowing same-sex couples to establish civil unions took effect on 1 July, in a first for the Baltic nation.
Couples in civil unions are afforded certain tax and social security benefits, as well regarding hospital visiting, although they still have fewer rights than married couples. Legally speaking, marriage is still defined as only between a man and a woman.
Namibia
Namibia (Getty)
Consensual same-sex activity became legal in Namibia after the High Court ruled that laws criminalising such intimacy were unconditional and invalid.
Mexico
An LGBTQ+ march in Mexico City. (AFP/Getty Images)
Conversion therapy was banned. Practitioners breaking the law face between two and six years in prison and fines. In addition, the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero, on the country’s Pacific coast, classified the practice as a crime, with punishment of up to six years in jail.
The state of Tabasco legalised same-sex adoption in April, a month after the Congress of Yucatán unanimously approved a self-ID bill for trans nationals.
Same-sex adoption became legal in Baja California, and the first gay couple adopted in February.
Greenland
The Law on Equal Treatment and Anti-Discrimination, which was approved in May, made LGBTQ+ discrimination illegal. It bans discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and gender characteristics.
Peru
An LGBTQ+ rally in Peru. (Getty)
In May, the health ministry reiterated that doctors should not perform conversion therapy.
Bermuda
Bermuda. (Getty)
Blood donations by men who have sex with men became legal in May. Certain requirements need to be met, including not having had anal sex with a new partner, or more than one sexual partner, in the previous three months.
Dominica
Dominica’s High Court overturned the law criminalising same-sex relationships (Getty Images)
The Caribbean country’s High Court overturned a colonial-era ban on consensual same-sex activity, in April. It also legalised gay sex.
Lesotho
In Lesotho, in Southern Africa, The Labour Code banned discrimination based on gender and sexual orientation. The code also outlawed violence, harassment and sexual harassment based on gender identity.
Estonia
Estonia is the first former Soviet republic to legalise equal marriage. (Getty)
Estonia became the first former Soviet Republic to legalise same-sex marriage in 2023 and the legislation officially came into force on New Year’s Day. Same-sex adoption was legalised at the same time.
Blood donations from men who have sex with men has been legal since March.
Portugal
Participants display a bisexual pride flag during a 2019 pride parade in Lisbon, Portugal. (Horacio Villalobos/Corbis via Getty Images)
A bill banning conversion therapy that was passed by Portugal’s parliament signed into law by president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa took effect on 1 March.
In January, serving openly in the military as trans and non-binary became legal.
Greece
Greece. (ARIS MESSINIS/AFP via Getty Images)
LGBTQ+ discrimination became illegal this year, while same-sex adoption and same-sex marriage became legal.
The Netherlands
The Netherlands. (Getty Images/PinkNews)
Blood donations by men who have sex with men became legal at the beginning of the year.
